Moving to Greece from USA

Moving to Greece from the USA is a major life decision that combines legal planning, financial preparation, and practical relocation logistics. Whether you’re drawn by Greece’s Mediterranean lifestyle, affordable cost of living, or long-term residency opportunities, U.S. citizens must navigate specific visa rules, tax obligations, and administrative steps to make the transition successful. Americans typically relocate through three primary pathways:

• Greece Golden Visa for investors;
• Digital Nomad Visa for remote workers;
• Financially Independent Person (FIP) Visa for retirees and individuals with passive income.

Beyond securing the right visa, the move requires careful coordination: from obtaining a Greek tax number (AFM) and understanding U.S.-Greece tax treaties to budgeting for international shipping, housing, healthcare, and banking.

This guide walks you through every stage of moving to Greece from the USA, providing clear, practical insights to help you relocate with confidence.

• Choose the Right Long-Term Visa: U.S. citizens must apply for a Type D National Visa before relocating. The most common options are the Greece Golden Visa (investment from €250,000+), Digital Nomad Visa (remote income of at least €3,500 per month), or the Financially Independent Person (FIP) Visa for retirees and individuals with passive income.
• Set Up Greek Tax Residency Correctly: After arrival, obtaining an AFM (Greek tax number) is essential for opening bank accounts, renting property, connecting utilities, and fulfilling tax obligations.
• Manage Dual U.S. and Greek Taxes: Americans must continue filing U.S. tax returns while living abroad. Tools such as Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE), Foreign Tax Credits, and the U.S. – Greece tax treaty helps prevent double taxation.
• Prepare for High Relocation Costs: International shipping from the U.S. to Greece is expensive and requires detailed customs documentation. Budget for container shipping, translation costs, and import formalities.
• Plan Life Infrastructure Early: Health insurance, banking access, driver’s license conversion, and housing arrangements should be organised as soon as you arrive to avoid delays and legal complications.

To legally reside in Greece for more than 90 days, U.S. citizens must obtain a National (Type D) Visa before leaving the United States. This application is submitted to the Greek Consulate with jurisdiction over the applicant’s U.S. residence and must be approved prior to travel. After entering Greece on a Type D visa, the applicant then applies for a Residence Permit, which formalises long-term legal stay.

Each visa category is designed for a specific purpose such as investment, employment, retirement, study, or remote work, and selecting the correct pathway at the outset is critical, as switching visa types later can be time-consuming and restrictive.

Currency note: All USD figures below are approximate conversions from euros at €1≈ $1.17, based on December 2025 exchange rates.

Short-Term Entry: Visa-Free Schengen Access and Limitations

U.S. passport holders may enter Greece and the wider Schengen Area visa-free for up to 90 days within any 180-day period. This short-stay privilege is intended strictly for tourism, family visits, or limited business meetings.

It does not permit employment, long-term residence, or study. Overstaying can lead to fines, entry bans, and complications with future visa applications. Anyone planning a permanent or semi-permanent move must secure a long-term visa before travelling to Greece.

Long-Term Visas

For Americans intending to live in Greece, a Type D visa is mandatory. The visa category depends on the applicant’s income source, investment capacity, and lifestyle goals. Below are the principal long-term residency pathways available to U.S. citizens.

Employment in Greece

A residence permit may be issued to U.S. nationals who secure employment with a Greek company. Several employment-based routes exist:

• Standard Work Permit

The Greek employer must obtain prior approval from local authorities and issue a formal employment contract of at least one year. The residence permit is typically valid for the duration of the contract and is renewable.

• EU Blue Card

Available to highly skilled professionals with a recognised university degree or at least three years of relevant experience. The job offer must meet a minimum salary threshold of approximately 1.5x the national average annual income. Permits are issued for 1-4 years.

Student Visa

U.S. citizens accepted into a recognised Greek educational institution may apply for a student residence permit.

• Entry requires a Type D national visa
• Proof of enrolment is mandatory
• Minimum financial means: €400 ($470) per month
• Students may work part-time (up to 20 hours per week) and full-time during academic holidays

Residence permits are issued for one year and renewed annually for the duration of studies.

Family Reunification

Family members of Greek citizens or legal residents may apply for residence permits under family reunification rules.

• Eligible family members: spouse and minor children
• The sponsor must have lived in Greece for at least two years
• Minimum income requirement (2025): €880 ($1,037) per month
• Income thresholds increase by 20% per adult and 15% per child

For family members of Greek citizens, permits are issued for five years and are renewable, provided absences from Greece do not exceed two years within each five-year period.

Financially Independent Persons (FIP)

The FIP visa is popular among retirees and individuals with passive income.

• Minimum passive income: €3,500 ($4,112) per month
• Greek bank account balance of at least €48,000 ($56,390)
• Increases by 20% for a spouse and 15% per child
• Example: A family of three must show €64,800 ($76,127) in savings

Residence permits are issued for three years, renewable for another three years. Employment in Greece is not permitted under this status.

Digital Nomad

Designed for remote workers employed by non-Greek companies.

• Minimum monthly income: €3,500 ($4,112)
• No income may be generated from Greek sources
• Proof of accommodation in Greece is required
• Family members may be included, with increased income thresholds

The residence permit is issued for one year, with the option to extend for up to two additional years.

Residence Permit Through Business / Self-Employment

Entrepreneurs may obtain residency by establishing a business in Greece.

• Submission of a detailed business plan
• Proof of economic benefit to Greece
• Minimum bank balance: €60,000 ($70,488)
• Residence permit issued for two years, renewable

Golden Visa: Investment Pathways

The Greece Golden Visa is one of Europe’s most attractive residency-by-investment programs, offering a five-year renewable residence permit with no minimum stay requirement.

Unlike other Greek residence permit types, the Golden Visa does not require the holder to live in Greece to maintain or renew the permit.

Investment thresholds depend on location and property type:

• €800,000 ($940,000): Prime areas (Athens, Thessaloniki, Santorini, Mykonos)
• €400,000 ($470,000): Other urban and tourist regions
• €250,000 ($294,000): Commercial-to-residential conversions, listed building restorations, or specific low-density areas across the entire country

Non-real-estate options include investments in Greek companies, bonds, or regulated funds starting from €350,000 ($411,000).

Key benefits of the Greek Golden visa:

• No minimum residence requirement
• Visa-free travel across the Schengen Area
• Family inclusion under one application: spouse, children and parents
• Access to healthcare and education
• Long-term security in an EU and Schengen country
• Clear path to Greek citizenship after seven years of residency provided all requirements are met

Moving to Greece from the USA follows a structured legal process that begins before departure and continues after arrival. U.S. citizens must first obtain a National (Type D) Visa from a Greek Consulate in the United States.

Preparation (1–3 months)

Applicants must gather all required documents in advance. U.S.-issued documents must be apostilled and officially translated into Greek. Common documents include criminal background checks, birth or marriage certificates (if applicable), proof of income or investment, health insurance, and accommodation evidence.

Consulate Application (4–12 weeks)

The Type D visa application is submitted in person at the Greek Consulate with jurisdiction over the applicant’s U.S. residence (e.g., New York, Los Angeles, Chicago). Processing times vary by visa category and consulate workload, but approval typically takes between 4 and 12 weeks.

Entry into Greece and Residence Permit Issuance (3–6 months)

After arrival in Greece, applicants must immediately apply for their physical residence permit at the local Decentralised Administration office. This includes biometric data submission and final document verification. While the permit is being processed, applicants receive a confirmation certificate allowing them to remain legally in Greece.

In total, from initial preparation in the United States to receipt of the residence permit card, the process usually takes 3 to 9 months, depending on visa type and document readiness.

The United States allows dual citizenship, so acquiring Greek citizenship through naturalisation (typically after 7 years of legal residence) will not jeopardise your U.S. nationality.

However, all U.S. citizens must continue to file a U.S. federal tax return annually, regardless of where they live. This obligation remains even if you become a Greek citizen or tax resident, due to the U.S.’s citizenship-based taxation system.

Navigating the dual tax systems of the U.S. and Greece is one of the most complex aspects of moving abroad.

Greek Tax Residency Rules

You are considered a Greek tax resident if you spend more than 183 days in Greece in any calendar year, or if your primary personal or economic interests are located in Greece.

Worldwide Income: As a Greek tax resident, you must report your worldwide income to the Greek tax authorities.

Double Taxation: The U.S.-Greece Double Taxation Treaty prevents taxation of the same income twice, but it does not remove your U.S. filing obligations.

U.S. Tax Obligations: The U.S. taxes its citizens on worldwide income, regardless of residence.

• FEIE (Foreign Earned Income Exclusion): Excludes a portion of foreign-earned wages or self-employment income from U.S. taxation (up to $130,000 for tax year 2025, claimed via IRS Form 2555).
• Foreign Tax Credit: Use IRS Form 1116 to claim credit for Greek income taxes paid, reducing U.S. tax liability.

IRS Forms (e.g., 2555, FBAR) and Greek AFM Number Setup

The AFM (Greek tax number) is typically the first administrative step after arrival and can be obtained at the local tax office (Eforia) by presenting a valid passport.

The cost of moving to Greece is a major factor, with legal fees, airfare, and shipping being the largest upfront expenses.

Visa and Legal Fees

The costs depend heavily on your chosen visa route:

All USD figures above are approximate conversions from euros at €1≈ $1.17, based on December 2025 exchange rates.

Travel and Shipping Expenses

Airfare and One-Way Flights

Expect to pay about $400 on average for a one-way international flight from a major U.S. hub (e.g., New York, Chicago) to Athens (ATH) or Thessaloniki (SKG).

Source: Skyscanner, as of December 2025.

Container Shipping Rates

Shipping household goods can be expensive. Costs are volatile but estimated as:

• 20ft Container (FCL): Holds a 122 bedroom apartment. $2,900-$4,900 from East
• Coast/Midwest, including port fees (excluding customs/local delivery).
• Less than Container Load (LCL): Smaller shipments. $600-$1,500 depending on volume.

Housing Deposits and Utilities

Securing rental housing in Greece typically requires upfront payments:

• Deposit: Usually 1-2 months’ rent
• First Month: Paid on lease signing
• Agency Fee: 1 month’s rent + VAT If using a real estate agent
• Total Upfront: Typically 3-4 months’s rent before moving in

Rent Comparisons

Rental prices vary by city and property type, generally lower than U.S. cities (Numbeo 2025 data)

All USD figures above are approximate conversions from euros at €1≈ $1.17, based on December 2025 exchange rates.

Comparison with U.S. Cities:

• New York City: 1-bedroom average ~ $3,200/month
• Los Angeles: 1-bedroom average ~ $2,400/month
• Chicago: 1-bedroom average ~ $2,000/month

The official currency is the Euro (€). Always use a reliable exchange service or bank for currency transfers, avoiding airport kiosks for large sums. As of December 2025, $1 USD ≈ €0.85 (check current rates before moving).

Preliminary tax estimates are crucial; consult an expat tax specialist early.

Greece’s non-domiciled (non-dom) regime offers an attractive option for high-net-worth expats:

• Flat €100,000 per year on worldwide income for up to 15 years
• Additional family members: €20,000 per adult, €15,000 per child per year
• This makes it very appealing for financially independent individuals or retirees.

Choosing where to settle will define your lifestyle. American expats are spread across the country, but these cities offer the best blend of amenities, community, and opportunity.

Athens: Urban Hub for Jobs and Culture

As the capital, Athens is the primary destination for Americans seeking employment, business opportunities, or a cosmopolitan lifestyle.

Pros:

• Largest American expat community
• International schools
• Excellent public transport (Metro)
• Access to ancient culture and modern amenities

Cons:

• Higher cost of living and rent compared to other areas
• Heavy traffic and dense urban sprawl

Thessaloniki: Affordable Northern Alternative

Thessaloniki, Greece’s second-largest city, offers a vibrant, youthful feel, and a major port.

Pros:

• More affordable housing and dining than Athens
• Lively cultural scene
• Smaller, more walkable city center

Cons:

• Fewer international job opportunities
• Fewer direct flights to the U.S.

Island Gems: Crete and Rhodes for Laid-Back Living

For a slower, more traditional Mediterranean pace, the major islands are ideal, especially for retirees and remote workers.

Crete:

• Largest island with towns like Chania and Heraklion
• Modern infrastructure, distinct local culture, high-quality produce

Rhodes:

• Known for its medieval Old Town
• Popular with European tourists but maintains a strong expat community in the off-season

Relocating from the United States to Greece requires advance planning, especially when transporting household goods or pets. Understanding customs rules and logistics can help avoid delays and unexpected costs.

Declaring and Shipping Belongings: Customs Rules for U.S. Goods

To avoid duties and taxes on personal household goods, you must prove that you have legally owned and used the items in the U.S. for at least six months prior to your move.

Transfer of Normal Residence:
You must apply for a Certificate of Transfer of Normal Residence to qualify for duty-free import of your household goods.

Inventory Requirements:
Prepare a highly detailed, itemised inventory of everything included in your shipment. This inventory must be translated into Greek and certified before submission to customs authorities.

Restricted Items:
Certain goods are subject to strict regulations or high import taxes, including:

• Motor vehicles
• Tobacco products
• High-value alcohol

Failure to declare restricted items correctly can result in significant delays, penalties, or confiscation.

International Movers: Vetted U.S.-to-Greece Services

Always request quotes from at least three international moving companies that specialise in U.S.–to–Greece relocations. Commonly referenced providers include Chipman International, Mountain Moving & Storage, and Kronos.

Door-to-Door Services:
Door-to-door shipping is strongly recommended. This option covers packing, ocean freight, customs clearance in Greece, and delivery to your final residence.

Insurance Coverage:
Comprehensive moving insurance is essential. Ensure your policy covers both ocean transit and inland transportation within Greece, protecting against loss or damage.

Bringing Pets: Health Certificates and Quarantine Exemptions

Greece follows standard EU regulations for importing pets (dogs, cats, and ferrets).

Microchip:
Pets must be fitted with a functioning microchip. If the chip is not ISO-compliant, you must either:

• Travel with a compatible scanner, or
• Implant a second ISO-compliant microchip

Rabies Vaccination:
The rabies vaccine must be administered after microchipping and at least 21 days before entry into Greece.
It is recommended to obtain a one-year rabies vaccination 21 days to 12 months before travel (ideally 3–6 months in advance) to avoid multiple certificate requirements.

Rabies Titer Test:
A rabies antibody titer test is mandatory. The test must be conducted by an accredited laboratory and submitted to EU authorities within the required timeframe. Always verify current requirements via State.gov or USCIS.gov.

EU Health Certificate:
An EU health certificate must be:

• Issued by a USDA-accredited veterinarian
• Endorsed by a USDA APHIS Veterinary Services office
• Completed within 10 days of arrival in Greece

When all requirements are met correctly, pets are generally exempt from quarantine.

Banking, and Employment Setup

Opening Greek Bank Accounts as a U.S. Resident

Opening a Greek bank account as an American involves several steps due to international compliance regulations such as FATCA.

Step 1: Obtain an AFM Number
Before a bank will open an account, you must secure a Greek Tax Number (AFM, Arithmo Forologiko Mitro). This is the most critical prerequisite.

Step 2: Prepare Documentation
You will need:

• AFM certificate
• Passport
• Proof of Greek address (e.g., rental contract)
• Evidence of income source

Step 3: In-Person Verification
Most major Greek banks such as Piraeus Bank and Eurobank require a branch visit for identity verification and FATCA compliance checks.

Job Hunting: Remote vs. Local Opportunities for Americans

For American expats, Athens offers the most dynamic job market, with two primary paths: remote work or local employment.

• Remote Work
  If you work for a U.S. company, the Digital Nomad Visa is ideal. Note: after 183 days in Greece, you become a tax resident, and your global income becomes taxable locally.
• Local Employment
  Roles exist in technology, tourism, and English-language education. However, salaries in Greece are generally lower than U.S. equivalents.

Public healthcare

Greece’s national system (ESY) serves legal residents contributing to the social security fund (EFKA).

• Access: Once you hold a Residence Permit and pay EFKA contributions, you receive an AMKA number for public healthcare.
• Quality: Public hospitals can face overcrowding and delays, especially outside major cities.

Private Healthcare

Most American expats opt for private insurance, often mandatory for Type D visas (Digital Nomad or Golden Visa).

• Advantages: English-speaking doctors, shorter wait times, superior facilities.
• Requirement: Private cover is essential until you are fully enrolled in the public system.

Getting Your Greek ID and Driver’s License

• Your Residence Permit serves as your primary ID.
• If you establish a normal residence, you must exchange your U.S. licence for a Greek one. Fortunately, Greece and the U.S. have reciprocal agreements with no additional tests required.

AFM Tax Number Application

Step 1: Online Application

Apply via the official myAADElive portal (AADE – Natural Person VAT No) entering personal details and passport information.

Step 2: Schedule Videocall Appointment 

Provide supporting documents (passport, residence permit, birth certificate if applicable).

Step 3: AFM Issuance

Once approved, you’ll receive your AFM and authentication password. Essential for banking, rental contracts, and utilities.

Pro Tip: Begin the process before arrival or immediately upon landing to save time.

From Dollars to Euros

Budgeting in Euros is straightforward, but expect cost-of-living differences:

• Savings: Groceries and dining out are typically 30-50% cheaper than in the U.S.
• Exceptions: Imported American goods can be costly.

Tipping: Routing up or leaving 5-10% is customary.

Expat Networks and Language Basics

Athens, Thessaloniki, and Crete host vibrant expat communities.

• Networks: Join forums and social groups (e.g. “American Expats in Greece”) for housing and job leads.
• Language: English is common in tourist hubs, but learning basic Greek like Kalispera (Good evening) and Efharisto (Thank you) shows respect and eases bureaucracy.

Best Seasons to Avoid Peak Costs

Relocate between October and April to sidestep inflated summer prices for flights and accommodation. Tourist season also shows down administrative processes.

Bureaucracy

Expect delays, especially in summer. Start visa an AFM applications early and keep digital copies of all documents to avoid setbacks.

U.S. Embassy in Athens and 24/7 Support Lines

Save the U.S. Embassy in Athens emergency contact before travelling. It’s essential for passport renewal, voter registration, and urgent assistance.

Eco-Friendly Packing and Carbon Offset Options

Reduce your environmental footprint by using reusable packing materials and exploring carbon offset programs for flights and freight.

Relocating to Greece is transformative, but navigating property and residency regulations can be complex.

Astons simplifies the process through the Greek Golden Visa program.

Discover how we helped an Oregon investor secure a Greek Golden Visa with a €400,000 penthouse in Piraeus here.

Our Expertise Includes:

• Golden Visa Strategy: Tailored investment pathways under current Greek law (€250,000–€800,000+ tiers).
• Legal & Application Management: End-to-end handling: from due diligence to securing your five-year Residence Permit.