Moving to Europe from the USA

In 2025, Americans are primarily relocating to Portugal, Spain, Greece, Italy, and France – drawn by programmes like the Golden Visa, digital nomad visas, student visas, and entrepreneur permits. Whether you’re investing in property, retiring abroad, studying, or launching a remote business, Europe offers a variety of pathways to long-term residency and even citizenship.

For a move to stay beyond 3 months, however, a long-term visa or residency permit is mandatory. Long-term relocation requires careful planning. U.S. citizens can stay in Europe, visa-free, for up to 90 days in any 180-day period (Schengen Area). From securing the right visa to understanding differences in healthcare, taxes, and culture, preparation is key.

This comprehensive guide provides a step-by-step roadmap on how to move to Europe from America, covering how to do it, how much it costs, and the top destinations, including countries with investment programmes that offer residency in exchange for investment.

How much money do you need to move to Europe?

Minimum budget for relocation for 1 person: $10,000 covering international shipping, insurance, and the first month of rent with a security deposit (excluding investments for residence programmes or tuition fees)

Processing time: 1–12 months, depending on visa type

Family inclusion: Yes, under most residence permits

Residence requirement: Varies by country and permit type

Common visa types:  Golden visa, digital nomad, student, retirement, work permit

Prices depend on the country, city, format of the move, and family composition. We recommend creating a financial cushion for at least 6 months of life in your new country.

Living in Europe often means a lower cost of living, greater access to affordable healthcare, higher safety standards, and a strong quality of life. With vibrant expat communities, rich cultural experiences, and easy travel across borders, many Americans find Europe offers a more relaxed, enriching, and cost-effective lifestyle compared to the U.S.

• Cost of living: In many cases, day-to-day expenses in Europe can be significantly lower than in the U.S. For example, according to Numbeo.com, the average monthly cost of living for a family of four in the U.S. is about $4,200 (excluding rent), whereas in Portugal it’s roughly €2,400 (approx. $2,750). From housing to healthcare, Americans often find they can spend less and get more in Europe. A simple medical procedure that might cost thousands in the U.S. could be almost free under Europe’s public healthcare.
• Quality of life & safety: Europe offers high living standards, with many countries boasting low crime, accessible healthcare, and strong social safety nets. According to the 2024 Global Peace Index, most European nations rank within the top 40 most peaceful countries in the world, while the United States ranks significantly lower at 132nd place. The index evaluates factors such as levels of violence, political instability, access to weapons, militarisation, conflict, and incarceration rates. For many Americans, this contrast underscores Europe’s reputation for safer, more predictable living environments.
• Expat communities: Americans won’t be alone – hundreds of thousands of U.S. expats already live across Europe. Major destinations include Spain (with about 45,000+ American residents), Germany (~150,000), Italy and France (tens of thousands each). English is widely spoken in many European cities, and there are active expat networks, international schools, and services catering to foreign residents.
• Cultural Experience & Travel: Living in Europe places a mosaic of cultures and histories on your doorstep. From art and architecture to cuisine and languages, the cultural enrichment is unparalleled. Weekend getaways might mean hopping on a train or a low-cost flight to another country entirely. Many Americans relish the chance to immerse themselves in Old World charm – strolling medieval streets or visiting world-class museums – as part of daily life. Europe’s excellent public transport system, and the proximity of countries make travel easy and affordable, satisfying a thirst for adventure and enrichment.

Choose your destination, select the right visa, gather documents, submit your application, and arrange housing and relocation logistics.

1. Choose your destination country

Research visa policies, lifestyle, and job opportunities.

2. Select the right visa

Most Americans use one of the following visas:

• Golden visa (Portugal, Greece, Cyprus, Malta, Hungary, Italy)
• Digital nomad visa (Portugal, Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Malta, Hungary, Italy, Estonia, Czech Republic)
• Retirement visa (Portugal, Spain, Greece, Italy, Malta, France)
• Work permit (all EU countries)
• Student visa (all EU countries)

3. Gather required documentation:

• Valid passport
• Proof of income or savings
• Health insurance
• Clean criminal record

Each type of visa includes its own additional set of documents.

4. Submit visa application

Via consulate or online platforms, depending on the country.

5. Secure accommodation and relocation logistics

Rental contracts are often required to finalise visa processes.

A few of the popular options for people from the USA include a Golden visa, a digital nomad visa, a startup visa, an employment visa, and residency programmes for wealthy retirees.

Golden Visa: A Popular Solution Among Americans

A Golden Visa is a residency-by-investment programme that allows non-EU nationals, including U.S. citizens, to obtain legal residency in a European country in exchange for a qualifying investment, usually in real estate, government funds, or business development. For Americans, it offers more than just a place to live; it provides:

• Secure Plan B
• Access to the European health, education, and banking system
• Path to EU citizenship
• Opportunity to diversify assets in a stable international market
• Tax benefits
• Alternative locations for opening a business

With the right assessment of investment attractiveness, a golden visa will also allow you to receive income from your investment asset. In most cases, the visa also includes close family members, making it a strategic solution for high-net-worth individuals and retirees seeking freedom, security, and mobility.

Overview of Europe’s Golden Visa Programmes (via Astons)

Golden Visa programmes offer more than residency – they provide stability, lifestyle, and legacy. Whether you’re seeking a peaceful retirement, a favourable environment for your business, better mobility, or a safeguard against geopolitical uncertainty, investing in European residency is a strategic move.

Astons is a global leader in investment immigration. With 30+ years of experience and thousands of successful clients, we help U.S. investors navigate every step – from legal due diligence and property selection to visa filing and relocation support.

 

Contact Astons today to receive a free personalised consultation and secure your European future.

European Residency Programmes for Wealthy Retirees

Several European countries offer residency to affluent retirees who can demonstrate stable passive income. Portugal’s D7 visa, Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa, Italy’s Elective Residence Visa, and Greece’s financially independent permit are among the most popular options.

Income requirements range from €1,200 to €2,500 per month, depending on the country and family size. These programmes provide long-term stay, access to public healthcare, and the possibility of permanent residency or citizenship, making them ideal for those seeking a secure, comfortable retirement in Europe.

Digital Nomad Visas in Europe

For U.S. citizens working remotely, Europe offers an expanding list of digital nomad visas that allow long-term stays without local employment. Countries like Portugal, Spain, Greece, Croatia, Estonia, and Italy have launched specific programmes tailored to remote professionals. Income requirements typically range from €2,000 to €3,500/month, depending on the country.

These visas grant temporary residency (usually 1–2 years, with extensions), access to local services, and freedom to travel within the Schengen Area. For entrepreneurs, freelancers, and remote employees, it’s a streamlined path to living and working legally in Europe, without the need for sponsorship or investment.

Startup Visas in Europe for U.S. Entrepreneurs

Several European countries offer startup visas designed to attract non-EU founders with innovative business ideas. Programmes in France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Estonia, and the Netherlands allow U.S. entrepreneurs to launch and grow their companies in Europe, often with low capital thresholds and access to incubators or local support.

These visas typically require a viable business plan, proof of sufficient funds (starting from €12,000–€50,000), and sometimes endorsement from a certified accelerator. Successful applicants receive temporary residence permits, with the possibility to renew, scale operations within the EU, and eventually apply for permanent residency or citizenship.

Student Visas and Tuition Costs in Europe

Europe remains a top destination for American students thanks to its world-class universities and more affordable tuition compared to the U.S. Most countries, including Germany, France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden, offer long-term student visas to U.S. citizens enrolled in accredited full-time programmes.

Tuition fees vary widely: in Germany, public universities charge little to no tuition (typically under €600/year), while in the Netherlands, Italy, or Spain, annual fees range from €2,000 to €6,000. Private institutions and English-taught Master’s programmes may cost more – from €8,000 to €20,000+ per year. Student visas usually allow limited work hours and can lead to post-study residence options in several countries.

Work Visas in Europe for U.S. Citizens

For Americans with a job offer from a European employer, work visas are a direct pathway to long-term residency. Most EU countries require employer sponsorship and proof that the role cannot be easily filled locally.

Popular options include the EU Blue Card (used in Germany, France, and others), which targets highly skilled professionals with annual salaries starting from €40,000 – €56,000, depending on the country. National work permits are also available for in-demand fields such as tech, healthcare, and engineering. In many cases, work visas can be converted into permanent residency after 5 years,  and eventually, lead to citizenship.

While nearly every European country offers something unique, some destinations stand out as particularly attractive for Americans, thanks to their welcoming immigration policies, affordable lifestyle, English-speaking communities, and investment opportunities. These states encompass Portugal, Spain, Greece, Italy, Cyprus and Malta.

Portugal is often ranked among the top destinations for American expats. The country offers multiple visa options, including passive income visas and residency-by-investment routes. Its mild climate, high safety standards, and English-speaking expat hubs like Lisbon and Porto, make it especially appealing to retirees and remote professionals.

Spain attracts thousands of Americans with its vibrant culture, modern infrastructure, and visa pathways tailored to non-working residents and digital nomads. Families enjoy excellent education and healthcare, while investors can consider real estate-based permits for added flexibility.

Greece combines low living costs with Mediterranean charm. The country’s residency programmes are accessible both to retirees and to those seeking property ownership, with no mandatory physical presence required in many cases. Athens and Thessaloniki host growing expat networks and emerging business ecosystems.

Italy is popular among those seeking a deeper cultural experience. While navigating Italian bureaucracy may require patience, the rewards include beautiful landscapes, rich traditions, and various residency tracks, from elective residence for retirees to new investment options for entrepreneurs.

Cyprus, an English-friendly island nation in the EU, appeals to families and business owners with its efficient residency programmes, low taxes, and high safety ratings. Though not in the Schengen Area, it provides a reliable base with future integration expected.

Malta offers a fully English-speaking environment, a strong financial sector, and access to Europe via its residency-by-investment programme. It’s particularly attractive to those looking for stability, warm weather, and international schooling options.

1. Relocating to Europe from the USA is a major shift, and good preparation makes all the difference. If possible, take a scouting trip to explore your future home, assess neighbourhoods, and get a feel for daily life. It can help confirm your choice or raise red flags early.
2. Handle your paperwork meticulously. European bureaucracy can be slow, so have all documents (IDs, diplomas, certificates) apostilled, translated, and saved in both physical and digital formats. Always request official receipts for key steps like visa fees or residency filings.
3. Learning the local language and etiquette, even at a basic level, goes a long way. Simple gestures, greetings, and cultural awareness can ease integration and help you connect with locals faster.
4. Stay flexible. The first few months might bring culture shock or logistical setbacks. Try to embrace differences rather than compare everything to the U.S. A backup plan, and some patience, will help you adapt smoothly.
5. Build your community early. Join local clubs or expat groups to meet people and learn how things work. Social connections are key to feeling at home.
6. Lastly, protect your finances. Notify U.S. banks, consider keeping an American account, and update your estate plans. Talk to a cross-border financial advisor to ensure your money and legal affairs are aligned with your move.

By heeding these tips and doing thorough homework, you’ll set yourself up for success. Thousands of American expats have made Europe their new home, and with the right preparation, you can join them and thrive in your new chapter.

Astons is your trusted partner in international relocation. With over 30 years of experience in global mobility and investment immigration, we provide tailored, end-to-end support to U.S. citizens seeking residency or citizenship in Europe. From choosing the right country and visa route to navigating legal, tax, and real estate considerations, we handle every detail with precision and discretion.